Molecular detection of mexXY-oprM, mexPQ-opmE Efflux pumps in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in patients referred to teaching hospitals in Babylon province, Iraq

One of the global health issues is antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a causative agent bacterial infections due to multidrug (MDR), which may be mediated by efflux pumps' overexpression.The present study investigated prevalence mexXY-oprM, mexPQ-opmE genes as encoding agents pumps and determination rate clinical isolates P. aeruginosa.Different specimens infectious patients, such wounds, urine, blood, discharge, abscesses except for stool, were examined. Identification was performed using chromogenic agar. A selective medium isolation used screen 79 isolates. The results validated Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing particular primer pairs 16S rDNA gene spp. identification after incubation at 37°C 24 hours. According Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2021) recommendations, microbial susceptibility test Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. aeruginosa extremely resistant ceftazidime (93.6%) cefepime (77.2 %). In contrast, imipenem (77.2%) meropenem (67%) showed high sensitivity. Finally, PCR technique. Molecular investigation revealed mexX 43%, mexY 51.89%, oprM 48.1%, mexP 36.70% mexQ 46.83% opmE 51.89%. concluded that mexXY-oprM have role various antibiotics. Identifying monitoring programs essential prevent spread MDR